Mount Ijen (Gunung Ijen) is famous for its breathtaking crater lake, drawing numerous tourists. However, as reported in mid-July 2024 in Indonesia, the volcano’s activity status has recently been elevated to Level II alert, and the reasons have been unveiled. Based on assessments by the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Mount Ijen has shown a significant increase in activity, prompting the alert level to be raised.
Changes in Activity Status
Previously, Mount Ijen’s activity status was only at normal (Level I). However, with increased volcanic activity in Banyuwangi and Bondowoso, PVMBG decided to elevate its status to Level II alert. Titan Roskusumah, spokesperson for the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, detailed the changes in Mount Ijen’s activity over recent months during an interview.
Changes in Crater Lake Color and Temperature
Titan explained: ‘One of the signs of increased activity at Mount Ijen’s crater lake is the change in water color from green to pale white, caused by sediments rising to the surface due to intense gas pressure.’ Additionally, the lake’s water temperature rises with increased gas pressure or concentration. During periods of heightened activity, bubbles appear on the water’s surface.
Volcanic Gas Eruptions
Increased activity at Mount Ijen’s crater lake is often accompanied by gas eruptions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2). These gas eruptions can flow along valleys, as demonstrated by the March 2018 gas eruption at Mount Ijen’s crater lake. CO2, being denser than air, tends to spread along lower terrain.
Recent Seismic Activity
From June 1, 2024, to July 12, 2024, the frequency of shallow and deep volcanic earthquakes decreased, but the number of other types of earthquakes fluctuated normally. Since 2023, the overall seismic energy has shown a fluctuating and gradually increasing trend, especially on July 12, 2024, when seismic energy significantly increased, and the amplitude of continuous tremors also notably amplified.
Recent Volcanic Activity Records
From 17:00 to 21:00 on July 12, 2024, tremor activity significantly intensified, with amplitudes fluctuating between 5 and 25 millimeters. After 21:10, the tremor amplitude exceeded 46 millimeters, reaching an off-scale level.
Preventive Measures
Given the increased activity of Mount Ijen, PVMBG has warned nearby residents and tourists to stay at least 1.5 kilometers away from the volcanic lake. This recommendation is based on the potential dangers posed by increased volcanic activity, including higher concentrations of volcanic gases and possible eruptions.
Conclusion
The changes in volcanic activity remind us of the power and potential dangers of nature. Tourists and local residents should strictly adhere to official advice to ensure their safety.
