The 'Gate of Good and Evil' is a Mistranslation!? The True Meaning and Correct Name of Candi Bentar

Bottom line: Candi Bentar literally means ‘split temple gate,’ referring to two symmetrical, tower-like structures with no connecting top, serving as the passage into the inner courtyard of a temple or palace, symbolizing the transition from the secular world to the sacred realm. The common Chinese translation ‘Gate of Good and Evil’ is actually a mistranslation and has nothing to do with the concept of good and evil.

What is the significance of Bali’s Candi Bentar? And why is the Chinese translation ‘Gate of Good and Evil’ wrong?

The Origin and History of Candi Bentar

Have you ever noticed those unique traditional entrance structures without a roof while traveling in Bali or Java? Known as Candi Bentar, these buildings are important symbols of local culture and history. Candi Bentar, meaning ‘split temple gate,’ is a distinctive form of traditional architecture primarily used as the entrance from the outer courtyard to the inner courtyard of important sites like temples and palaces. These structures consist of two symmetrical buildings with no connecting top, linked only by stairs at the base. Candi Bentar is a common traditional architectural feature in Bali, originating from Indonesia’s ancient religious and cultural traditions, reflecting the island’s rich history and artistic heritage. Although Hinduism has greatly influenced Bali’s religion and architecture, the specific form and design of Candi Bentar are products of local Balinese culture.

The Religious and Cultural Significance of Candi Bentar

Its Role in Balinese Religion

In Balinese religious life, Candi Bentar plays a crucial role. It marks the boundary between the mundane world and the sacred realm, serving as the necessary passage before entering a temple or palace.

The design of Candi Bentar is a symbolic division, representing the transition from the secular world into the sacred domain. Typically composed of two symmetrical tower-like structures, this design is intended to make people experience a transition as they pass through the gateway, as if moving from one world into another.

The Role of Candi Bentar in Modern Bali

Modern Applications and Adaptations

Although Candi Bentar is a traditional structure, it remains widely used in modern Bali and has undergone some contemporary adaptations. For instance, Candi Bentar can be seen at Bali’s airport, as well as in various hotels and resorts.

Cultural Preservation and Development

Balinese people place great importance on preserving their cultural heritage. As a symbol of Balinese culture, Candi Bentar is well-maintained and restored, continuing to play a role in new constructions.

Why “Good and Evil Gate” Is a Mistranslation

The Chinese translation as “Good and Evil Gate” is wrong!!

A Linguistic Perspective

Many people call it the “Good and Evil Gate,” but from a linguistic standpoint, this translation is inaccurate because it imposes a moral judgment on Candi Bentar, as if it somehow judges those who have done wrong. The original meaning does not include this layer of interpretation.

Furthermore, according to Balinese Hindu beliefs, ghosts and evil spirits can only move in straight lines and cannot turn or go around obstacles. Candi Bentar’s design typically consists of two symmetrical, separate tower-like structures that create a divided space between them. This design prevents ghosts and evil spirits from passing through, forcing them to stop at this point.

Details in Architectural Design

In the design of Candi Bentar, certain details also serve protective functions against evil. For example:

1. Reliefs and Carvings: The reliefs and carvings on the tower-like structure often depict Hindu deities, mythological stories, and protective symbols, which are believed to possess the power to ward off evil.
2. Gate Structure: Candi Bentar is not a completely enclosed gate but features gaps that symbolize the transition into a sacred space, forming an invisible barrier that prevents ghosts and evil spirits from entering.

To more accurately convey the meaning of Candi Bentar, consider using names like ‘Yin-Yang Gate’ or ‘Sacred Gate,’ which preserve its sacred significance while avoiding the misinterpretation caused by moral judgments.

Final Thoughts

Although Candi Bentar originated in ancient times, its design and aesthetic principles continue to be applied in modern architecture. Many contemporary architects incorporate this traditional element into new designs, creating works that blend historical and modern sensibilities.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the historical background of Candi Bentar? Candi Bentar dates back to the Majapahit era, originally used for religious and royal ceremonies, and gradually became a part of local architectural style.

2. Why doesn’t Candi Bentar have a top? The lack of a top symbolizes a passage between heaven and earth, emphasizing the independence and connection of the two flanking structures.

3. Where can you see Candi Bentar in Bali? Candi Bentar can be seen at most major temples in Bali, such as Tirta Empul Temple in Ubud, Lempuyang Temple (the Gate of Heaven), Besakih Temple, and Tanah Lot Temple, among others.

4. What is the difference between Candi Bentar and Paduraksa? Candi Bentar has no top and is used as the outer entrance to the temple courtyard, while Paduraksa has a roof and is typically used for inner temple entrances.

5. How to correctly pronounce Candi Bentar?

The correct pronunciation of Candi Bentar is “chan-dee Ben-tar.”

6. Can I visit Candi Bentar?

Yes, many non-commercialized Candi Bentar are located in public temples and palaces, where visitors can explore and admire their architectural beauty.