What is the significance of Candi Bentar in Bali? Why is the Chinese translation ‘Gate of Good and Evil’ incorrect?
The Origin and History of Candi Bentar
Have you ever noticed those unique traditional entrance structures without roofs while traveling in Bali or Java? These structures, known as Candi Bentar, are important symbols of local culture and history. Candi Bentar, meaning ‘split temple gate,’ is a distinctive traditional architectural form primarily used in temples, palaces, and other significant sites as entrances from the outer courtyard to the inner sanctum. These structures consist of two symmetrical buildings without a connecting roof, only linked at the base by steps. Candi Bentar is a common traditional architectural feature in Bali, originating from ancient Indonesian religious and cultural traditions, reflecting Bali’s rich historical and artistic heritage. Although Hinduism has greatly influenced Bali’s religion and architectural styles, the specific form and design of Candi Bentar are products of Balinese local culture.
The Religious and Cultural Significance of Candi Bentar
Its Role in Balinese Religion
In the religious life of Bali, Candi Bentar plays a crucial role. It marks the boundary between the mundane world and the sacred realm, serving as a necessary passage for people entering temples or palaces.
The design of Candi Bentar is symbolic of separation, representing the transition from the secular world to the sacred realm. They typically consist of two symmetrical tower-like structures, designed to create a sense of transition as people pass through the gate, as if moving from one world to another.
The Role of Candi Bentar in Modern Bali
Modern Applications and Variations
Despite being a traditional structure, Candi Bentar is still widely used in modern Bali and has undergone some contemporary adaptations. For instance, you can spot Candi Bentar at Bali’s airport, as well as in certain hotels and resorts.
Cultural Preservation and Development
The Balinese place great importance on preserving their cultural heritage. As a cultural symbol of Bali, Candi Bentar has been well-maintained and restored, continuing to play a role in new architectural projects.
Why “Gate of Good and Evil” is a Mistranslation
The Chinese translation “Gate of Good and Evil” is incorrect!!
Linguistic Explanation
Many people refer to it as the “Gate of Good and Evil,” but from a linguistic perspective, this translation is inaccurate. It imposes a moral judgment on Candi Bentar, suggesting consequences for wrongdoing, whereas the original meaning does not include this layer of interpretation.
Additionally, according to Balinese Hindu beliefs, ghosts and evil spirits can only move in straight lines and cannot turn or navigate around obstacles. The design of Candi Bentar typically consists of two symmetrical and separate tower-like structures, creating a divided space between them. This design prevents ghosts and evil spirits from passing through, stopping them in their tracks.
Architectural Design Details
In the design of Candi Bentar, certain details commonly serve protective functions. For example:
- Reliefs and Carvings: The reliefs and carvings on the tower-like structures often depict Hindu deities, mythological stories, and protective symbols, believed to possess the power to ward off evil spirits.
- Gate Structure: Candi Bentar is not a fully enclosed gate but has specific intervals. These intervals symbolize the transition into a sacred space and create an invisible barrier that prevents ghosts and evil spirits from entering.
To more accurately convey the meaning of Candi Bentar, consider using terms like ‘Yin-Yang Gate’ or ‘Sacred Gate’. This preserves its sacred connotations while avoiding the misunderstandings that moral judgments might introduce.
Conclusion
Although Candi Bentar originated in ancient times, its design and aesthetic principles continue to be applied in modern architecture. Many contemporary architects incorporate this traditional element into new designs, creating works that blend historical and modern sensibilities.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the historical background of Candi Bentar? Candi Bentar dates back to the Majapahit era, initially used for religious and royal ceremonies, gradually becoming a part of the local architectural style.
2. Why does Candi Bentar lack a roof? The roofless design of Candi Bentar symbolizes a passage between heaven and earth, emphasizing both the independence and connection of the structures on either side.
3. Where can Candi Bentar be seen in Bali? Candi Bentar can be found at many significant temples in Bali, such as Tirta Empul Temple in Ubud, Lempuyang Temple (Gates of Heaven), Besakih Temple, and Tanah Lot Temple.
4. What is the difference between Candi Bentar and Paduraksa? Candi Bentar lacks a roof and serves as the entrance from the outer area to the temple’s inner sanctum, while Paduraksa has a roof and is typically used for entrances within the temple.
- How do you correctly pronounce Candi Bentar?
The correct pronunciation of Candi Bentar is ‘chan-dee Ben-tar’.
- Can I visit Candi Bentar?
Yes, many non-commercialized Candi Bentar structures are located in public temples and palaces where visitors can explore and admire their architectural beauty.
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